Deviations in Police Behavior

 

1. Formation of Police Behavior and the Significance of Deviations

 

1) Approaches to Individual Characteristics

 

- Police behavior is influenced by values, attitudes, and personality traits acquired before becoming a police officer.

- Challenges: Difficulty in empirical assessment; objective judgment is challenging before specific behaviors manifest.

 

2) Organizational Socialization Process Theory

 

- Police behavior is more influenced by job experience and colleagues than pre-police values.

- Positive and negative police behaviors result from organizational socialization.

- Anticipated socialization process: Possible even before becoming a police officer through direct/indirect experiences and media perception.

- More persuasive compared to individual trait approach.

 

2. Reality of Socialized Police Behavior

 

1) Socialization Process

 

- Formal: Official socialization through police procedures, training programs, and superiors' guidelines.

- Informal: Unofficial norms learned from colleagues or superiors.

 

2) Formed Image of Socialized Police Behavior and Causes

 

- Image: Authoritarian, unfriendly, biased, unfair, irresponsible, etc.

- Causes: Dependent civilian mentality, abuse of authority in an authoritarian system, police alienation perception, negative image due to the nature of police work.

 

3. Meaning and Forms of Deviations

 

1) Meaning of Deviation

 

- Abnormal behavior by police that goes beyond normative expectations.

 

2) Reality and Types of Deviations

 

- Perception: General acknowledgment of widespread deviations among police officers.

- Types: Difficulty in following all rules, overlooking minor rules, clear violations not legally defined.

 

3) Potential Deviations in Citizen Relations

 

- Issues: Citizen-favorable treatment, bribery from citizens, abuse of power in law enforcement.

4. Discussion on Citizen Cases and Favors

 

1) Concept and Reality of Favors

 

- Concept: Bribes related to official duties or actions inducing deviations in obligations.

- Reality: Development of a sense of obligation towards favors; common in police stations; psychological burden on officers.

 

2) Pro and Con Positions on Favors

 

- Pro: Natural expression of gratitude, voluntary, builds positive relationships, essential for community policing.

- Con: Potential consciousness issues in favor providers, unfair treatment, risk of corruption, favoritism, inequality in public services.

 

3) Desirable Perspective on Favors

 

- Basic social values and conflicts with norms.

- Ethical considerations: Benefits for police should come from organizational reward systems rather than external favors.

 

5. Police Corruption

 

1) Meaning and Types of Police Corruption

 

- Meaning: Intentional misuse of police power for personal gain or benefitting specific individuals.

- Types: Accepting bribes for traffic violations, tolerating illegal activities for money, unfair case handling for financial gain.

 

2) Causes of Police Corruption

 

- Authority to exercise power.

- Addictive nature: Increased personal consumption due to bribery leading to corruption addiction.

- Perceived privilege and tradition.

- Recognition of corruption as part of the job.

- Culture of silence among superiors, colleagues, and subordinates.

 

3) Views on the Causes of Police Corruption

 

- Personal traits as the basis for corrupt behavior.

- Socialization process during police activities leading to corruption.

- Systemic view: Individual corruption is just a revealed part of organizational corruption.

 

4) Process of Police Corruption

 

- Initiated by disillusionment in police work.

- Gradual stages: Discontent, cynicism, corruption, seeking comfort through job exploitation.

 

6. Police Abuse of Authority

 

1) Use of Police Force and Its Types

 

- Police use force to control individuals; must adhere to legal and procedural standards.

- Types: Verbal coercion, physical restraint, non-lethal weapons, lethal weapons.

 

2) Appropriateness of the Use of Force

 

- Should align with community expectations, legal procedures, and police organizational principles.

- Efforts needed to prevent potential misuse of authority.

 

3) Causes of Unlawful Use of Force

 

- Police image as fighters against lawlessness.

- Distrust and suspicion towards criminals lead to justifying inappropriate investigation methods.

- Legal and real-world disparities sometimes push for illegal actions.

 

4) Desirable Use of Police Force

 

- Strengthen ethical and legal obligations.

- Align laws and procedures with reality.

- Exercise caution and vigilance during police operations.

 

Conclusion:

 

Understanding the formation of police behavior, deviations, citizen relations, corruption, and abuse of authority is crucial for fostering a law enforcement environment that aligns with ethical, legal, and societal expectations. Addressing the root causes and promoting responsible conduct can contribute to building a trustworthy and effective police force.

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Summary:

 

Formation of Police Officer Behavior

 

- Personal Traits: The behavior of police officers is influenced by values, attitudes, and personalities held before becoming police officers.

- Organizational Socialization Process: Police behavior is further influenced by experiences in law enforcement duties and interactions with colleagues.

 

Reality of Socialized Police Behavior

 

- Socialization Process: Formal and informal socialization processes contribute to the formation of police behavior.

- Police Behavior Image: Negative images such as being coercive, authoritative, and unfriendly are formed.

 

Meaning and Forms of Deviation

 

- Meaning of Deviation: Deviation refers to abnormal behavior by police officers beyond normative expectations.

- Types of Deviation Acts: Non-compliance with rules, overlooking minor rules, and deviations not legally specified.

 

Discussion on Citizen Cases and Favoritism

 

- Concept of Favoritism: Various forms such as bribery, preferential treatment, and expressions of empathy.

- Pro and Con Positions on Favoritism and Cases: Voluntary expressions vs. ethical concerns, third-party perception, potential for corruption, etc.

 

Police Corruption

 

- Meaning and Types of Police Corruption: Deliberate misuse of police power for personal gain.

- Causes of Police Corruption: Authority, addictive behavior, privilege consciousness, unique nature of police work, culture of silence, etc.

 

Abuse of Police Authority

 

- Use of Force by Police and Types: Use of language, physical force, weapons, etc.

- Appropriateness of Force Use: Community expectations, efforts to prevent abuse of authority, alignment of law and reality adjustments, etc.

 

 

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Key Questions

 

1. Which of the following is a correct explanation of how police officers' behavior is formed?

 

(1) It is possible to socialize with the police before becoming a police officer.

 

(2) The personal disposition approach is more appropriate in explaining the formation of police officers' behavior.

 

(3) The personal tendency approach is to view the behavior of police officers as a product of socialization within the organization.

 

(4) The socialization process within an organization is a theory that states that values and attitudes prior to becoming a police officer influence the behavior of police officers.

 

☞ As an expected socialization process, socialization is possible through direct experience, indirect experience, or media before becoming a police officer. (2) -The theory of socialization processes within organizations is more persuasive in explaining the behavior of police officers than the personal tendency approach. (3) -Explains the socialization process within an organization. affection. -It is an approach to personal tendencies. Answer: (1)

 

 

 

2. Which of the following incorrectly explains the concept of ‘favor’?

 

(1) This means that the degree of benefit provided without any reciprocal exchange of compensation is generally slight.

 

(2) Examples include coffee or beverages, sports center tickets, movie tickets, etc.

 

(3) It refers to benefits that are sufficient to cause one to fail to perform a legitimate duty or to fail to perform one's duties in relation to one's duties.

 

(4) It refers to voluntary compensation for excellent exercise of police authority.

 

☞ (3) is an explanation of bribery. Answer: (3)

 

 

 

3. What cannot be considered reality regarding ‘favour’?

 

(1) A kind of sense of obligation to favors and rewards is formed.

 

(2) Receiving favors or rewards is a common phenomenon in police offices.

 

(3) If a favor or reward is not given, a psychological burden takes effect.

 

(4) Minor incidents do not generate favors or rewards.

 

☞ The reality is that favors and rewards are given even for minor incidents. Answer: (4)

 

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Key Terms

 

Organizational Socialization Process Theory

 

A theory suggesting that an individual's behavior within an organization, such as the police force, is more influenced by job experiences and interactions with colleagues than by pre-existing individual values or traits.

 

Deviation

 

Abnormal behavior by police that goes beyond normative expectations.

 

Police Corruption

 

The intentional misuse of police power for personal gain or to benefit specific individuals.

 

Use of Force

 

The application of physical coercion or legal authority to compel compliance by an individual.